Complete human mtDNA genome sequences revealed haplotype features of the Hmong-Mien language family in Vietnam

Vietnam is the homeland of 54 different ethnicities that belong to 5 major language families world, including Austroasiatic, Tai-Kadai, Hmong-Mien, Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian. an ethnolinguistic family, presumably stemmed from Southern China later spread Southeast Asia region. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequences taken 120 males belonging Hmong-Mien (HM) family in Vietnam: Dao, Hmong, Pathen, revealing 352 unique variants. Dao has most number polymorphisms (230 SNPs occurring 1469 times), followed by Hmong (181 1367 times) Pathen (159 1243 times). Genetic variations within each population among speakers were further measured computations haplotype diversity (H), nucleotide (π) fixation index (FST). There are nine haplogroups (A, B, C, D, F, G, M, N9, R) detected, with F B making up over half (Hmong: 56.09% (23/41), Pathen: 58.33% (21/36), Dao: 62.79% (27/43)). Haplotype classification was divided into 30 haplogroups, which 80% them specific a single minority. remained genetically diverse (H=0.957), while homogeneous (H=0.900). terms genetic distance, more distinguished other, related. Complete mtDNA Viet HM increased depository, improving understanding structure underlying family.